Heart, blood vessels and cholesterol

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an acute condition in which blood vessels in the lungs become clogged. The most common cause is thromboembolic disease. A blood clot is released and travels through the vessels as an embolus. It clogs vessels. The massive form of PE is life-threatening.

Varicose veins are the most common disease in developed countries. They are classified as diseases of civilization. They are estimated to affect 10-40% of the world's population. Their incidence also depends on age, with women more frequent.

Stroke is an acute disease of the nervous system that results from a disorder of the blood supply to the brain.

Lymphedema is a long-term disease that worsens over time or progresses. It is divided into primary and secondary. In the latter case, it is necessary to look for the cause of another disease. It also occurs as a result of impaired function of the lymphatic system. It causes the accumulation of fluid in the tissues and subsequent swelling.

Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness characterized by inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels. In most cases, the disease affects children under the age of 5, especially boys. It is relatively rare in our country. Children from Japan are most often bothered. The disease has several stages and in most cases healing occurs.

A defect in the atrial and ventricular septum is a heart defect and a disease of the atrial or ventricular septum that causes communication between the right and left hearts so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix. It is a congenital heart defect, whereby mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is distributed throughout the body, which can cause major problems. Very often such defects appear in childhood, but it also depends on the size of the defect, sometimes they appear in adulthood.

Fallot tetralogy is congenital heart disease and the most common cyanotic heart defect. It is a disease of the heart and large vessels, and it occurs mainly in childhood, sometimes in adulthood, but then the patient is less burdened by the disease and may not manifest itself in any particular way. The disease is often accompanied by other cardiac and vascular defects, such as coronary artery defects or an opening in the septum between the atria directly in the heart.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart disorder and is characterized by arrhythmia or heart rhythm disorder . The disease causes chaotic and irregular contractions of muscle fibers and thus loss of coordinated activity of the atria. At the same time, the heart weakens its pumping ability and at the same time, irregular and accelerated heart activity occurs. The disease is most common in people over 80 years of age, where it affects 15% of the population.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that occurs when the main barrier in the heart is not adequately enlarged for no apparent reason. The disease is usually also accompanied by diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hyperdynamic function. It is a progressive disease that occurs most often during adolescence or adulthood and in some specific cases can lead to death. The disease is caused by gene mutations, which cause hypertrophy of the heart walls.

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing of a major heart vessel. It accounts for nearly one-tenth of congenital heart defects. How does this developmental cardiovascular disease arise?

Myocarditis is an inflammatory process of the heart muscle. Inflammation of the heart muscle can cause a decrease in heart function. What are the causes, first symptoms and current treatment options for myocarditis?

Pericarditis refers to an inflammatory process of the outer lining of the heart (pericardium). It has different etiologies. What is the cause of pericarditis, the first symptoms and treatment options?

Sleep apnoea is a disorder classified as a sleep-wake disorder, a sleep-disordered breathing disorder. It is a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep and starts again after a brief awakening.

This symptom can have many causes like minor diseases of the muscles and soft structures between the ribs. Also, pain sometimes radiates from the spine and the abdominal organs. However, sometimes the cause is more serious: cardiovascular disease, lung disease, inflammation, anemia. This is a life-threatening condition.

We don't normally feel our heartbeat. When the heart rate increases, the heart rate increases. And in certain circumstances, it's noticeable. It increases with increased physical or mental exertion. But often, the increase is due to disease.

Arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rhythm. Arrhythmia refers to a slowed or accelerated rhythm of the heart as well as various uncoordinated movements of the heart muscle, and thus the atria or ventricles. 

We speak of low blood pressure - hypotension when the blood pressure values ​​are lower than 100/60 for a long time. Some people, especially women, know dizziness, fainting or a feeling of falling away. Is it a disease or not?

Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary heart disease, bothers us with insufficient blood supply to the heart. The main reason is the involvement of the heart, ie coronary vessels. It can be in acute or chronic form. The dreaded heart attack also includes the acute type.

Endocarditis is a disease of the inner lining of the heart. It is an inflammatory disease that in most cases has an infectious origin. However, not always.

Pressure pain in the chest tends to be present with heart problems. It does not stop there, of course. It can also be caused by other diseases.