Treatment of cardiac tamponade: Pericardial puncture

In the first place, the removal of effusion from the pericardial cavity takes precedence in treatment.

Puncture is performed, especially in the emergent and acute forms, which are characterized by the progression and deterioration of the person's state of health.

Alternatively, if it is a cardiac tamponade that progresses over a longer period of time, after a thorough diagnosis.

Pharmacological treatment has its limitations, as improper treatment will lead to a worsening of the health condition. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate tamponade from heart failure of another cause. 

With severe circulatory impairment, the indication of transport to a specialized workplace - to a cardiac centre.

This is especially true in the case of hypotension and tachycardia, in the case of rapid progression of discomfort, and especially if a cardiac cause is present, such as a myocardial infarction or aortic dissection.

Of course, the transport to this specialized workplace must be time and health permitting.

Pericardial puncture...

Urgent pericadiocentesis or pericardial puncture, catheterization. It is performed in acute forms of pericardial tamponades, as soon as possible. 

This is a life-saving feat.

A sterile needle or a special set is used to puncture the pericardial cavity.

This is performed under control - ultrasound, CT, X-ray, ECG.

Blind execution has many risks. However, given enough time, it can save a life.

The injection is made under the sword-shaped process of the sternum or between it and the left edge of the ribs.

In some cases, surgical drainage of the effusion is performed.

This is the case with a small amount of effusion, if the effusion is located behind the posterior wall or there is the presence of coagulae - blood clots in the cavity, and also with purulent pericarditis - purulent inflammation of the pericardium.

Risks associated with puncture.

During pericardial puncture, the heart muscle and liver can be injured, and there is also a risk of infection.

In addition...

Once the oppression of the heart is removed, the primary cause of cardiac tamponade is treated.